Pharmacovigilance is defined as technology and practice relating to the identification, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or problems associated with certain drugs. Medication errors, including overdose and medication misuse and abuse, as well as medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, are often of concern, even without adverse reactions, as they can lead to adverse drug reactions. The primary goal of pharmacovigilance is to maximize patient performance. and patient safety in relation to the use of medicine
Pharmacoeconomics refers to a scientific discipline that contrasts drug therapy with drug therapy in terms of its benefit. Analysis of Pharmacoeconomics makes the distribution of scarce resources between competing alternative medicines and services effectively. It covers the analysis of cost minimization, cost-effective analysis, analysis of cost gain, analysis of cost-utility. The key objective of pharmacoeconomics is to improve the allocation of resources for pharmaceutical products and services and to classify which healthcare products and services are alternative to provide the best healthcare outcome in terms of money spent.